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THE MOSCOW TIMES. COM

02.12.2005

END OF THE SHOW

Tom BIRCHENOUGH

 

Despite vocal protests from around the world, the Cinema Museum has lost its home after a long battle.

For quite some time now, they've been packing up the boxes at Moscow's Cinema Museum, or Muzei Kino. On Thursday, the institution – which has gathered a more than loyal following over the 16 years of its existence - finally closed its doors.

This came despite a string of street protests, covered regularly in the media, by the museum's support organization, the Friends of Muzei Kino. Consisting of viewers from the venue, the group earned a high profile during both the 2004 and 2005 Moscow International Film Festivals.

Its last demonstration, held in early November outside Dom Kino, the headquarters of the Russian Filmmakers' Union, came to look more like a swan song as it became clear that little short of a miracle would save the museum from being evicted. And that miracle hasn't happened. A final open letter addressed to major government figures, from President Vladimir Putin on down, also brought depressingly little response.

International support over the years has been no less vocal, coming from both institutions – most significantly, the international film critics' association FIPRESCI – and from individuals, such as director Quentin Tarantino. The "Pulp Fiction" director made a special visit to the museum in June 2004 when he was in the Russian capital for the Moscow International Film Festival. Written support from cinema notables all over the world continued to follow.

On that front, it seems a bitter irony that the museum's founding director, film scholar Naum Kleiman, was invited to receive the honorary Order of the Rising Sun at the Japanese Embassy on Thursday – the day after the museum held a final, 24-hour round of screenings to mark the closure of its four exhibition halls. Similarly, the wide array of international film festival projects that have run at the venue over the years attest to its worldwide prominence.

"Just recently, in Paris, an excellent new film museum opened, attached to France's cinematheque," Kleiman said in a radio interview at the end of November. "Film museums are being built in all the world's developed countries. Are we really such a backward country, of such little significance in cinema, that we can't resolve this question?"

The conflict behind the museum's closure dates back more than a decade, and has been debated in various Moscow courts on innumerable occasions. The Kinocenter building near Barrikadnaya metro station, in which Muzei Kino was located until this week, was a joint project completed in the late 1980s by the official Filmmakers' Unions of all 15 Soviet republics. Part of the reason for its construction was to house the museum; the space containing the museum was specially designed for that purpose.

Political developments in the 1990s led to acrimonious disputes on all fronts, including one between Nikita Mikhalkov, who heads the Russian Filmmakers' Union, and his frequent screenwriting collaborator, Rustam Ibragimbekov, who leads the Confederation of Filmmakers' Unions of the CIS and Baltic States.

But it was on the property front that the issue became – literally – bloody. As the rest of the Kinocenter building gradually passed into private hands, its spaces were adapted to commercial use. Today, in addition to a movie theater, it houses a plethora of other entertainment options, from restaurants and nightclubs to striptease joints. In an interview several years ago, Kleiman recalled that as many as nine murders had taken place in connection with turf wars over the property – and that he didn't want to become the 10th victim.

Ultimately, the museum found itself facing rents that threatened to rule it out of existence, despite Kleiman's assertion that it was occupying the space specifically designated for it when the building was constructed. Access conditions changed as well, with entry to the premises limited to one barely visible side door and a single, slow and not always functioning elevator.

Speaking at a meeting in the museum last summer, Kleiman described the whole history as "one mistake after another" on the part of the Russian Filmmakers' Union, adding that many of the promises made to him over the years had been broken. One such promise came in 2000, when Muzei Kino was given the formal status of a federal museum, a step which might have given it some guarantee of survival but, in practice, brought no results. Ironically, in retrospect, had it been taken under the aegis of the Moscow city government rather than federal agencies, it might have fared better.

The final step came when the Russian Filmmakers' Union sold its share of the building to the Kinocenter company, whose board of directors is headed by Mikhalkov. The terms of the sale essentially forced Muzei Kino to vacate its premises.

FIPRESCI's then-president, Klaus Eder, was forthright on possible motives behind the deal. "We have now to touch the domain where cultural and commercial interests overlap and contradict each other," he wrote in an open letter to Mikhalkov. Sources in the Russian film world have suggested that many of the parties involved in the Kinocenter deal have vested financial interests in its outcome.

Just over a decade ago, in 1994, Mikhalkov presented the first press screening of his subsequent Oscar-winner, "Burnt by the Sun," in one of the museum's halls -- but he seems to have long since forgotten the importance of the location.

Others, however, have not. One of the first comments from director Andrei Zvyagintsev after he received his Golden Lion award at the 2003 Venice Film Festival for "The Return" was to recognize Muzei Kino as a venue that had allowed him to educate himself in the history of world cinema. Other members of Russia's new generation of directors have expressed similar feelings.

In addition to its varied retrospectives, the museum also brought contemporary art-house films to viewers for a democratic price. According to Sam Klebanov, head of art-house distribution company Kino Bez Granits, it was a venue that might not have led on box office income but dominated in terms of the refined taste and critical sensibility of its audiences.

At least one of the museum's offerings appears to be safe. The museum's permanent collection, consisting of hundreds of thousands of items collected in the years since it opened in 1989, has been guaranteed a home by the Mosfilm movie studio. As Soviet-era institutions threw away their archives, Muzei Kino managed to collect what it could, aided by private donations. These items include sketches for Andrei Tarkovsky's 1972 film "Solaris" and personal mementos from the director's apartment, such as his record collection. Outside Kleiman's office long stood a bulky wooden table and set of chairs crafted by classic Soviet director Mikhail Romm, taken from the director's dacha. A certificate signed by Romm's former pupils from the VGIK film institute, who spent many days there, attested to its provenance.

Though the collection isn't being broken up, access to it will certainly be limited, as will the potential to mount any kind of rotating exhibition. But it's the loss of the screening rooms, named in honor of, among others, Sergei Eisenstein, Marlene Dietrich and Charlie Chaplin -- whose "The Great Dictator" was the first film to be shown at the venue -- that is being most protested. Likewise, the fate of the museum's collection of original film prints, donated by the likes of classic Indian director Satyajit Ray, after whom another hall was named, remains uncertain.

Limited and occasional screenings in a number of other Moscow venues may become possible, but on nothing like the scale of previous activities. Kleiman emphasized an optimistic aspect -- the possibility of working in Russia's regions, with interest ranging from the Caucasus to the Urals.

His hope remains that construction of a new, dedicated facility, with screening rooms and exhibition space in one location, might be included on the list of federal cultural projects for the period of 2006 to 2010, and such a project could be realized as early as 2008 – the year that will mark the centennial of film in Russia. "The investment would be a very small percentage of the sums being spent on high-profile projects like the reconstruction of the Bolshoi and Mariinsky theaters," Kleiman said.

If it continues to be backed by real public support, such plans may one day reach reality, though official support has so far been conspicuous by its absence. For now, the museum is packing up some of its unique projection equipment – including Moscow's first Dolby sound system, donated by French director Jean-Luc Godard – in the hope that eventually the institution will have a new home in which to install them.

 

 

 

 

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